Monday, January 27, 2020
Social Work Practice with Hispanic Elders
Social Work Practice with Hispanic Elders Dana Adams Gerardo Cantu is a masters level social worker at The Family Center. Gerardos current position with The Family Center, he is Class Facilitator and Case Manager. The Family Center offers individual and family care to elderly clients and their families in a warm and supportive atmosphere. The Family Centers professional team completes a thorough comprehensive assessments to help determine problem areas along with care plans to serve as an ongoing monitoring tool. The Family Center involves and engages the client in the care plan process as it serves as the basis of ongoing communication between the family, client, and Case Manager. Mr. Cantu works with families who are caring for older relatives and has a vital role in a part of a multidisciplinary team that manages the total scope of the needs of elder clients. Mr. Cantu has worked with The Family Center for eleven years, but is new in his role of Case Manager for elderly clients. This population is newly served at The Center and has only been in operation for six months. Mr. Cantu currently manages Twelve cases and completes bi-monthly, in-home visits with clients and their families. During home visits, Mr. Cantu provides informal counseling and social support by listening, understanding, networking, empowering, and encouraging. During his internship for his Master of Social Work degree, Mr. Cantu worked at a local health department where he learned the logistics of working with elderly Hispanic clients and this role in his internship created a road map for his current position with The Family Center. Mr. Cantu is bilingual in English and Spanish, and assisted employed case managers with providing ancillary interpretation services to Hispanic clients. Through community outreach, he learned to enroll clients for medical insurance through the health insurance marketplace, assisted with providing patient assistance for filling out applications for Medicaid, food stamps, WIC, and free medications for low income patients. As a Class Facilitator and Case Manager with The Family Center, Mr. Cantu conducts home visits, assessments, patient intakes, creates patient care plans based on the clients medical, psychological, and social needs. He also leads a monthly support group for caregivers, educating them on physical, emotional and financial strain of caring for their loved ones and teaching them how to balance their responsibilities at home and work. In the present moment, Mr. Cantu states he is pleased with the program and feels The Family Center is serving the needs of families in the local area who need assistance and support with caring for their loved ones. Writer asked Mr. Cantu about the importance of networking within the agency and if he faced any challenges obtaining needed services for his clients. Mr. Cantu explained how networking involves a vast number of agencies working together to enhance well-being and how it takes a variety of agencies to network together to help individuals achieve their goals. Some agencies The Family Center network with for food, medical, financial, day care, and Hispanic services assistance is The United Methodist Church, Area Agency on Aging, Mobile County Health Department, Catholic Social Services, and The Guadalupe Center. The main challenge Mr. Cantu faces is providing adequate transportation services to the clients due to there being a high demand for services in the area. Mr. Cantu assists with transporting clients to scheduled appointments. Applying critical thinking, motivational, and listening skills and empowerment within the context of his professional social work practice and The Family Center, Mr. Cantu understands the value base of the profession and its ethical standards and principles. He states that he always utilizes practice without discrimination and with respect, knowledge, and skills related to clients age, class, color, culture, disability, ethnicity, family structure, gender, marital status, national origin, race religion, sex, and sexual orientation. As stated by Mr. Cantu, he has dedicated his life to helping others and his two prayers are: Use me and Thank you. Mr. Cantu uses communications skills differentially across diverse populations and communities and seeks necessary organizational change if needed. Developing a trusting relationship with my clients enables me to serve as a liaison between them, the community and social service agencies to facilitate access to services and help improve cultural competence and the quality of service delivery (G. Cantu, personal communication, February 1, 2017).Ãâà Reflective use of theoretical approaches and knowledge bases underlies his practice with attention to the life course perspective. Evaluating his social work practice and practicing in ways that are culturally and gender appropriate with low income persons and with those who have experienced social and economic injustice is essential in his role at the agency. When asked about his most memorable case, his response was of a client who thought he was her grandson and how she would cook for him during the visit and would not allow him to leave until he finished his plate. He said that he would have to beg her to leave the home sometimes because she would try to make him go to bed and rest. When asked if there were any instances of him having difficulty leaving the home, he explained how one day he had wait until the clients grandson come to the home so that she could see both together to realize that he was not who she thought he was. Mr. Cantu mentioned that it took 2 hours for the grandson to come to the home. Mr. Cantu expressed that he would not have done anything different because his last intention is to upset his clients, but to reassure them. This writer asked Mr. Cantu about culturally sensitive assessments used by the agency used on the elderly Hispanic clients is the Bruininks Motor Ability Test for adults (B-MAT) because the test helps develop an assessment to support service users, families, and clinicians in determining the level of independence with their activities of daily living, support the intervention process and monitor the clients progress (Kesler, Lynn, Sullivan, Thompson, 2011). Family plays an important role when caring for the aging and much attention needs to be given to micro, mezzo and macro systems impacting the client system. Intervention are used within the individual, family, group, organization and community levels. With generalist social work practice, client system assessment is an ongoing social work skill used with all intervention levels and throughout the client intervention process (Hays, 2008). The micro approach focuses on major contributions from the biological, behavioral and social sciences that are essential for understanding the person-in-environment. The mezzo-level practice is concerned with interpersonal relations that are somewhat less intimate than those associated with family life, but more personally meaningful than those that occur among organizational and institutional representative and the macro approach concentrates on development of knowledge and skills for practice in communities, organizations and other social systems. Culturally sensitive social workers should have a standard practice of not making any assumptions when working with a diverse client system. This helps creates a lens that broadens the understanding of the client situation and value is placed on being culturally sensitive as one embraces diversity in the clients who are served by social workers (Hays, 2008). Ãâà Completing this course assignment has enlightened this writer about the impact of physical, mental and emotional aspects of aging, and the micro and macro issues of caregiving. Social work involves working with interrelated networks. The ecological theory is an approach to social work practice that addresses transactions between people and their environment (von Bonsdorff, Ilmarinen, 2013). The person and the environment can be understood within their affiliation as they always have great impact on one another. The ecological theory is used for its ability to view the clients whole situation. The ecological theory looks at acculturation, language, and socioeconomic status. The framework, consisting of eight dimensions of treatment interventions (language, persons, metaphors, content, concepts, goals, methods, and context) can serve as a guide for developing culturally sensitive treatments and adapting existing psychosocial treatments to specific ethnic minority groups (von Bonsdorff, Ilmarinen, 2013). The Family Systems Theory focuses on how each member relate to one another. The family is a structure of subsystems and every action/change within the subsystem affects each person. Changes are caused by both normative (predictable life cycle changes) and non-normative (crisis) stresses and the continuity theory states that the aging person try to preserve and maintain internal and external structures by using strategies to maintain continuity to deal with changes that occur during the normal aging process (von Bonsdorff, Ilmarinen, 2013). Aging can be a stressful and challenging situation for someone who is used to being active as they must learn to adjust to the mental, physical, emotional, and financial difficulty that is a part of aging. Social workers can help each individual manage, adjust, and cope with each of these issues. The main goal of a geriatric social worker is to make sure that the needs of the clients are being met.Ãâà According to the Administration on Aging, the number of elderly Americans over the age of 60 jumped from 378 million in 1980 to 759 million in 2010 (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2008). Administration on Aging. A Statistical Profile of Older Americans 65.Ãâà The National Institute of Aging estimates that 60,000-70,000 professionally trained social workers will be needed by 2020 to work with the older population (Cummings, Galambo, DeCoster, 2003).Ãâà The discrepancy between the importance of providing services to Latinos, given their growing numbers, and the preparedness of social workers for serving this population is alarming (Furman, Negi, Iwamoto, Rowan, Shuckraft, Gragg, 2009). Utilizing and implementing multicultural sensitivity is important within the social work profession because this encourages the clinician to focus on significant factors such as ethnicity, race, and spiritual components (Payne, 2014). it is also important to learn about the clients from their perspective, maintain a positive forward-looking outlook, and allow clients to come up with their own potential solutions by looking at the successes they have already experienced (Payne, 2007) rather than focus on what has not worked, or what a practitioner feels are most beneficial. Attaining cultural competence requires social workers to engage in honest and genuine personal self-assessment and introspection coupled with the willingness to challenge and overcome the ingrained stereotypes of Latinos and other minorities that have served to dehumanizing factors and implementing new perspectives that rehumanize minorities (Organista, 2007). Immigration can be a major life stressor and includes i ssues such as health disparities and acculturation (Garcà a, 2012). These issues can affect mental health in Hispanics who find that they have limited or no access to the resources of their host culture. Realizing how immigration impacts Hispanics will enhance my service provisions. This writer would be interested in volunteering as a mental health counselor at a free clinic or other organization in the Hispanic community. Since macro practice focuses on achieving long-term change in the economic, political and social environment (Payne, 2014). This writer feels this would be a great avenue for advocacy in the Hispanic community. References: Cummings, S. M., Galambos, C., DeCoster, V. A. (2003). Predictors of MSW employment in gerontological practice. Educational Gerontology, 29(4), 295-312. Furman, R., Negi, N. J., Iwamoto, D. K., Rowan, D., Shuckraft, A., Gragg, J. (2009, April). Retrieved February 10, 2017, from National Center for Biotechnology Information: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2861823/ Garcà a, J. (2012). Mental health care for Latino immigrants in the U.S.A. and the quest for global health equities. Psychosocial Intervention 21, (3), 305-318. Hays, P. A. (2008). Addressing cultural complexities in practice: Assessment, diagnosis, and therapy (Vol. 10, pp. 11650-000). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Kesler, K. E., Lynn, J. D., Sullivan, J. D., Thompson, J. M. (2011). Bruininks Motor Ability Test for Adults (B-MAT): Exploring Relationships Among Motor Assessments. Brenau University. Organista, K.C. (2007). Solving Latino psycho social and health problems: Theory, practice and populations. Hoboken, NJ. Payne, M. (2014). Modern Social Work Theory. (4th ed.). Chicago: Lyceum US Department of Health and Human Services. (2008). Administration on Aging. A Statistical Profile of Older Americans 65. von Bonsdorff, M. E., Ilmarinen, J. (2013). Continuity theory and retirement.
Sunday, January 19, 2020
Communication Cycle
Anita Witek 10-12-2012 P1-P2Explain the role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in a health and social care context. M1 Group communication In groupsââ¬â¢ communication there are different people, some of them may like to talk a lot or be shy to talk. To make a group communication working everyone needs to be involved, and have some rules such a as when someone is talking no one is talking and everyone should listen to each other and have their own opinion or point of view. In heath and Soccial care setting group communication is used in everyday life. Related reading: Advantages of Argyle's TheoryThis is because the colleagues have group chats to discuss what they need to do (Collins Education, 2012). Formal Formal communication is when two people are talking to each other using the service. For example: when a person has a doctor appointment or being at work place and talk to your supervisor. The formal communications often stars with welcome such as ââ¬Ëgood morningââ¬â¢. In a health and social care setting formal communication is used nearly every day. This is because the workers talk to each other to pass on information and confirm certain things. Collins Education, 2012). In-formal In formal communication itââ¬â¢s hard to use with different social groups because everyone is different and everyone in groups or family and friends are using different type of method to communicate which is in formal communication. Sometimes people may do not understand each other when they are using in formal communication. In a health a nd social care setting in-formal communication can be difficult to use. This is because in a care home everyone is different and they come from different backgrounds.If there family or friends came to visit them in the care home in-formal communication would be used more as they are familiar with them. (Collins Education, 2012). One-to one For me itââ¬â¢s the same as face to face which means, person is talking to another person. Some of the people for example me I prefer one to one communication because I feel more relaxed and no nervous also I can look to someone eyes which shows the concentration and respect and listen carful also people may be friendly by smiling and start the nice conversation which may start from interact each other.In a health and social care setting one-to-one communication is used when the nurse needs to speak to the patient. It will be just the nurse and patient talking and if the patient needs to ask any questions they will feel comfortable as it is jus t them and the nurse. When other people are around the patient may not feel as comfortable because they do not want other people finding out about their needs. (Collins Education, 2012). Text messaging Most of the people are using text messaging to communicate specially teenagers; this is the quickest way to communicate with another person.However there are some disadvantages about text messaging which is the cost if people do not have a free text they need to control the balance, the second example is a network not always you can get a text and another example is people who are receiving a text it may do not understand someone feeling. In a health and social care setting text messaging may be used when the carers need to communicate with each other. This would be easier for them to text each other instead of walking around the building trying to find the person they want to give a quick message to. (Collins Education, 2012).Music and Drama Music and Drama is used in communication, some people may prefer to show the expression by acting or writing the song. The music communicate most with teenagers, for boys they mostly like to hear and communicate with a rap music and girls are mostly listen to the love songs when they have bad days. However the classic music is making the relaxed conversation. In a health and social care setting music and drama may be used if they do not want to communicate formally. This would be a fun way to communicate with some of the patients as it is something different. Collins Education, 2012). Speech People who came from a different location or form a different background have a own words which they are used to use or have a different accent. Most of the teenagers are using the slang which most of the adult are donââ¬â¢t understanding or some of the slang can everyone understand, However these days most of the words which we are using are not even in a dictionary. In a health and social care setting speech is very important becau se you need to be able to communicate with each other effectively. So your speech should be clear and understandable. Collins Education, 2012). Language Many people are grown with one language which may think this is the only way to communicate like me, however people as me in life time may start using the another language to communicate which is not the easiest way because some people may feel shy to talk or different reasons, most people who was born and learned with the first language are more prefer to communicate with the first language then the second. Now we can see that more people are growing up with multilingual communication which is good because they may learn several languages from birth.In a health and social care setting language is also important because many people may not speak the same language as you. You need to make sure your language is professional in a health and social care setting so everyone can understand you. (Collins Education, 2012). Non-verbal Non-ve rbal means communication without saying any words. For example when people are using a text communication they are using also no verbal communication because they do not says any words. Also when people are using body language and facial expression they are using a non-verbal communication.In a health and social care setting non-verbal communication is important because some people may not be able to speak or see. If they cannot speak you can send them a text message as an easy way to communicate with them. (Collins Education, 2012). REFERENCE LIST: Collins education. (2012). communication in health and social care. Available: http://www. collinseducation. com/resources/btechscunit1. pdf. Last accessed 12th November 2012. P2-Discuss theories of communication. Michael Argyle (1972),Michael Argyle (1972), said ââ¬Å"that interpersonal communication was a skill that had to be learned, just as you would learn to drive a car. He said that when you are driving a car, you have to change y our method to match the conditions of what is happening on the road. â⬠(markedbyteachers. com) Argyle argued that, communication involved much the same ââ¬Ëcycle' as driving a car required. The stages involved in this cycle are: 1. Ideas occur- it may be that you can get a idea to communicate 2. Message coded- this is how people think about saying what they think . Message sent- this means when you send your message by speaking or writing or electronically. 4. Message received ââ¬â this is when the person senses your message. 5. Message decoded- the person has to interpret or decode the message 6. Idea understood ââ¬â this is when someone has understood your message. to try and clarify our ideas. Examples: 1. Idea: Hungry 2. Message coded: I'm hungry, I need food 3. Message sent: ââ¬Å"I'm hungry, I fancy something to eatâ⬠. 4. Message received: I can tell from his body language that he has heard y message; he nods his head slightly 5. Message decoded: He decod es the message in his head 6. Message understood: He understands what I have said . http://www. markedbyteachers. com/gcse/health-and-social-care/developing-effective-communications-in-health-and-social-care. html Accessed on Monday 10th December 2012 Tuckmanââ¬â¢s Model Forming: Itââ¬â¢s a meeting people for the first time and sharing information with each otherââ¬â¢s. Storming: This involves tension, struggle and sometimes arguments about the way the group might function.Norming: This is when group of people get together and has a meeting of agreeing on the group values. Performing: after all that, the group can begin to get some work done, on the basis of a relatively stable structure. Adjourning: is the break-up of the group, hopefully when the task is completed successfully, its purpose fulfilled; everyone can move on to new things, feeling good about what's been achieved. ( businessballs. com) http://www. ncsu. edu/csleps/leadership/Group%20Develoment%20-%20Tuckman. p df Accessed on Monday 10th December 2012
Friday, January 10, 2020
Critical Analysis of Mrs Lazarus Essay
Next line portrays that she must have got married on the day that her husband died if she had ripped her wedding clothes from her body. This stanza provides the reader with physicality by the use of the words ââ¬Å"rippedâ⬠, ââ¬Å"howledâ⬠, ââ¬Å"shriekedâ⬠, ââ¬Å"clawedâ⬠, ââ¬Å"retchedâ⬠etc. ââ¬â onomatopoeic ââ¬â portray a violent narrator. ââ¬Å"howledâ⬠, ââ¬Å"clawedâ⬠ââ¬â anthropomorphic. Repetition ââ¬â ââ¬Å"over and overâ⬠, ââ¬Å"dead, deadâ⬠. ââ¬â symbolise that she thought of him repeatedly. This stanza displays as her almost hating him because he died. Sentence Structure ââ¬â Short sentence to start ââ¬â illustrates immediacy. Long sentence follows ââ¬â symbolising how long she has grieved over the one she had lost ââ¬â how long the process of recovery had been. Language ââ¬â emotional, aggressive, sinister, chilling. Overall tone ââ¬â depressing, graphic/gruesome. Themes ââ¬â death, sorrow, aftermath. Stanza 2 Remains in past tense. ââ¬Å"Guttedâ⬠ââ¬â associated with gutting fish ââ¬â unpleasant ââ¬â symbolising destruction of her home. Colour change from ââ¬Å"whiteâ⬠to ââ¬Å"darkâ⬠ââ¬â conveys ââ¬Å"whiteâ⬠as being before he died (symbol of purity, holiness), and ââ¬Å"darkâ⬠as the world she is in now that he is gone (symbol of evil, desperation) Symbolism of isolation ââ¬â ââ¬Å"Single cotâ⬠(relates to Mrs Quasimodo i. e. ââ¬Å"Single silver fishâ⬠), ââ¬Å"widowâ⬠, ââ¬Å"one empty gloveâ⬠, ââ¬Å"halfâ⬠ââ¬â sense of her feeling incomplete. ââ¬Å"White femurâ⬠ââ¬â bones ââ¬â ââ¬Å"dustâ⬠ââ¬â ashes ââ¬â relates to the fact that her husband is now reduced to this because he is dead. ââ¬Å"Stuffed dark suits into black bagsâ⬠ââ¬â implies a murder? Could reveal her suicidal nature ââ¬â her husbandââ¬â¢s death had, inevitably, driven her to her own death. ââ¬Å"noosed the double knot of the tie round my bare neckâ⬠ââ¬â the only way she can dispel the isolation is to kill herself. ââ¬Å"doubleâ⬠ââ¬â sense of being whole again. Sense that her grieving continues. bare neckâ⬠refers back to the 1st stanza where she had stripped herself of her clothes. Sentence Structure ââ¬â Short, simplistic, reflecting a childââ¬â¢ s dialect i. e. ââ¬Å" Gone homeâ⬠Language ââ¬â unemotional ââ¬â could symbolise her method of recuperation Overall tone ââ¬â graphic, angry, vengeful, remorseful Themes ââ¬â neglect, isolation, suicide Stanza 3 Continues on from second stanza. Religious reference ââ¬â ââ¬Å"gaunt nunâ⬠ââ¬â reference to her imposed celibacy (duty to stay faithful to her dead husband). ââ¬Å"Stations of Bereavementâ⬠ââ¬â relates to Stations of the Cross ââ¬â symbolising that she, like Jesus, has to struggle. icon of my faceâ⬠relates to statues and figures in churches ââ¬â also implies that her facial expression remains the same since the day of her husbandââ¬â¢s death. ââ¬Å"touching herselfâ⬠ââ¬â conveys that the only pleasure she is able to achieve would be by touching herself. Following lines imply that these were the only memories that she had of him i. e. he ââ¬Å"dwindledâ⬠away. Her only memories of him were of his illness. ââ¬Å"shrun k to the size of a snapshotâ⬠ââ¬â modernisation ââ¬â a picture remains only a memory, as had Mrs Lazarusââ¬â¢s husband. Sentence Structure ââ¬â Long ââ¬â broken with commas ââ¬â symbolises constant bereavement Language ââ¬â religious, frustrated yet sorrowful, modern Overall tone ââ¬â frustrated, resentful Themes ââ¬â celibacy, religion Stanza 4 Continues from third stanza with repletion of ââ¬Å"goingâ⬠ââ¬â displays the fact that she does not feel as though he is gone yet. Tangible memories of Lazarus i. e. the hair fallen from his head, his scent ââ¬â both vanishing ââ¬â ââ¬Å"the last hairâ⬠, ââ¬Å"his scent wentâ⬠. Imagery of their disappearing marriage ââ¬â no value, no meaning. ââ¬Å"ringâ⬠ââ¬â supposed to symbolise eternal love ââ¬â conventional meaning is diminished in this case. He is no longer worth anything to her as he is now only a ââ¬Å"small zeroâ⬠. Sentence Structure ââ¬â Becoming shorter as she begins to forget about him. She is beginning to dismiss him from her life. Language ââ¬â dismissive, unemotional Overall tone ââ¬â guilt-free, disgusted Themes ââ¬â independence Stanza 5 ââ¬Å"Then he was goneâ⬠ââ¬â simplistic ââ¬â sense of immediacy, perhaps unexpected ââ¬â he exists no more. ââ¬Å"legendâ⬠ââ¬â forgotten ââ¬â he became just words ââ¬â ââ¬Å"languageâ⬠. ââ¬Å"schoolteacherâ⬠ââ¬â perhaps he had taught her something in her life? ââ¬Å"manââ¬â¢s strengthâ⬠ââ¬â protection But I was faithful for as long as it tookâ⬠ââ¬â as long as what took? Perhaps premeditated murder? Religious reference ââ¬Å"faithfulâ⬠ââ¬â to whom? God? Lazarus? ââ¬Å"Until he was a memoryâ⬠ââ¬â it took quite a while for her to come to terms with everything ââ¬â perhaps she was trying to remain celibate? Sentence Structure ââ¬â varied length ââ¬â symbolise the normality of her life now. Language ââ¬â settled (i. e. no anger, no strong emotion) Overall tone ââ¬â defensive ââ¬â ââ¬Å"But I was faithful for as long as it tookâ⬠Themes ââ¬â deceit Stanza 6 Setting of scene ââ¬â ââ¬Å"fieldâ⬠, ââ¬Å"moonâ⬠ââ¬â night time Personification of atmosphere ââ¬â ââ¬Å"fine airâ⬠Observing and admiring landscape. ââ¬Å"shoutingâ⬠ââ¬â disruption of new ââ¬Å"healedâ⬠life. Were the men coming for her? Why were they shouting? Sentence Structure ââ¬â Long, flows ââ¬â illustrate the calm serenity of her current life ââ¬â until the interruption of shouting men. Language ââ¬â calm, descriptive Overall tone ââ¬â serene Themes ââ¬â admiration of the simple things in life Stanza 7 Continues from stanza 6. Images of people chasing her. Building up of tension ââ¬â repetition of ââ¬Å"I knewâ⬠. Personification of light ââ¬â ââ¬Å"slyâ⬠ââ¬â even the light had betrayed her ââ¬â labelled her as the wife of an ill man. shrill eyesâ⬠ââ¬â piercing into her ââ¬â evil ââ¬â undeserved ââ¬â highlights that the community had a prejudice of her husband because of his illness. Overwhelmed by crowds of people ââ¬â feels consumed by the ââ¬Å"hot tangâ⬠and the ââ¬Å"hands bearingâ⠬ her. Sentence Structure ââ¬â varied. Broken with commas to illustrate the break in her normality. Language ââ¬â anxious Overall tone ââ¬â fearful Themes ââ¬â betrayal Stanza 8 Illustrates the resurrection of her husband. ââ¬Å"He livedâ⬠ââ¬â shock, disbelief. ââ¬Å"the horror on his faceâ⬠ââ¬â even he was terrified of her situation. She cannot escape the memory of him, no matter how far away he may seem. sawâ⬠, ââ¬Å"heardâ⬠, ââ¬Å"breathedâ⬠ââ¬â use of the senses ââ¬â immediacy ââ¬â ââ¬Å"rottingâ⬠. This stanza could be her mind revisiting the memory of Lazarusââ¬â¢s dead body. This could symbolise her reuniting with him ââ¬â her escape from isolation. From beyond the grave, Lazarus maintains control over Mrs Lazarus ââ¬â she is unable to rid him from her mind ââ¬â eternally married to him ââ¬â so she must be faithful. Does love defy death? Sentence Structure ââ¬â Long ââ¬â symbolise the return of bereavement. Language ââ¬â graphic/gruesome ââ¬â to describe disfigured body/their love Overall tone â⠬â depressing, horrific
Thursday, January 2, 2020
Cmo queda ley Arizona SB1070 tras decisin de Corte
En 2010, el estado de Arizona inicià ³ con Ley SB1070 un empuje para tratar de restringir la inmigracià ³n indocumentada dentro de su territorio, siendo su ejemplo seguido por otros estados como Alabama, Georgia y Utah. Esta ley fue objeto de gran debate polà tico y su suerte se decidià ³ en las cortes federales. En este artà culo se informa sobre cuà ¡les provisiones de la ley fueron impugnadas por la administracià ³n del presidente Barack Obama, quà © decidià ³ la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos al respecto y quà © se puede aplicar de la Ley SB1071 en la actualidad y quà © no se puede, por considerarse inconstitucional. Partes de la ley SB1070 de Arizona que aplican Por decisià ³n conocida como Arizona vs. United States y con cinco votos contra tres de la Corte Suprema de Estados Unidos en junio de 2012 se decidià ³ que es constitucional la parte de la ley SB1070 que concede a los oficiales de policà a del estado de Arizona el poder para investigar el estatus migratorio de todas aquellas personas que detiene, arresta o para y de las que se sospeche razonablemente que pueden ser extranjeros indocumentados. Ademà ¡s, siempre han aplicado porque nunca se les impugnà ³ las provisiones que establecen que el estado de Arizona, los condados y los municipios no pueden limitar la accià ³n de la policà a a la hora de aplicar las leyes federales de inmigracià ³n. Lo mismo aplica a la provisià ³n que autoriza castigar a toda persona que es contratada o contrata desde un vehà culo. No importa, en este à ºltimo caso, que el que contrate sea un ciudadano estadounidense. La ley convierte a esta actividad en ilegal tambià ©n para à ©l o ella, quien se arriesga a sufrir las consecuencias, incluida la posibilidad de perder el auto desde el que pretendà a contratar a una persona que se encontraba en la calle o en una esquina solicitando trabajo. Secciones de la ley SB1070 de Arizona que no aplican Las siguientes provisiones no aplican: En primer lugar, la obligacià ³n para todos los extranjeros mayores de 14 aà ±os y que pasen mà ¡s de 30 dà as en EEUU de que se registren con las autoridades federales y que lleven consigo en todo momento la documentacià ³n que pruebe que se han registrado. En segundo lugar, la disposicià ³n que consideraba delito tener o buscar un trabajo en Arizona si no se tiene un permiso federal para trabajar. En tercer lugar, la disposicià ³n que autorizaba a la policà a a detener a todos los inmigrantes de los que exista sospecha de que han cometido una ofensa que tiene como castigo la deportacià ³n. La situacià ³n migratoria actual en los Estados Unidos Con la llegada a la Casa Blanca del presidente Donald Trump se han producido importantes cambios en materia migratoria en relacià ³n a refugiados, asilados y tambià ©n a migrantes indocumentados. Asà , en la actualidad son prioridad para deportacià ³n prà ¡cticamente todos los indocumentados. La à ºnica excepcià ³n a esa regla general por el momento son los 750 mil muchachos conocidos como Dreamers y que està ¡n protegidos por el programa de la Accià ³n Diferida, que se conoce por sus siglas en inglà ©s de DACA. Sin embargo, incluso para ellos la situacià ³n es complicada porque el el propio presidente puso fin a ese programa. Los muchachos con DACA aprobado con anterioridad a la decisià ³n del presidente Trump siguen amparados, al menos por el momento, por decisiones judiciales, pero no se admiten aplicaciones nuevas al programa. Por otro lado, los migrantes indocumentados tienen derechos que no pueden ser ignorados y es aconsejable que todos ellos conozcan quà © puede hacer y quà © deben callar en el caso de ser arrestados o detenidos. Sin embargo, mientras el gobierno federal y algunos estados endurecen las medidas para restringir la migracià ³n indocumentada, otros estados mantienen o promueven su proteccià ³n dentro de los là mites permitidos a las autoridades estatales o municipales, como por ejemplo, el caso de las ciudades santuario. Otro ejemplo es el de los estados que emiten licencias de manejar para los indocumentados, como es el caso de California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Nevada, Nuevo Mà ©xico, Utah, Vermont y Washington, asà como la ciudad de Washington D.C. la capital de Estados Unidos. Por à ºltimo, cabe destacar que dependiendo de las circunstancias de cada migrante, en ocasiones es posible encontrar un camino para regularizar la situacià ³n y obtener una tarjeta de residente permanente, tambià ©n conocida como green card. Este es un artà culo informativo. No es asesorà a legal de ningà ºn tipo. Puntos Clave de la Ley SB1070 de Arizona restrictiva de la migracià ³n indocumentada La Ley SB1070 de Arizona fue una de las primeras y duras con objeto de restringir la migracià ³n indocumentada en su territorio. Fue objeto de gran debate y la Corte Suprema decidià ³ que parte de la misma era inconstitucional.En la actualidad està ¡n en vigor y pueden ser aplicadas las siguientes provisiones:La policà a puede informarse sobre el estatus migratorio de cualquier persona que para, arresta o detiene y de la que sospeche que puede estar en EE.UU. ilegalmente.La policà a de las ciudades y condados no puede impedir la aplicacià ³n de ninguna ley migratoria federal.Es ilegal contratar o ser contratado desde un vehà culo.Los migrantes mayores de 18 aà ±os està ¡n obligados a llevar un documento que pruebe que està ¡n en el paà s legalmente. Este es un artà culo informativo. No es asesorà a legal.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)